Humans have changed the balance of park ecosystems in multiple significant ways. The presence of visitors in parks can disrupt natural habitats and wildlife behavior, sometimes unintentionally causing harm, such as trampling vegetation, introducing invasive species, and habituating wildlife to human food, which leads to conflicts and risks for animals. Infrastructure to support tourism like roads, parking lots, hotels, and airports also causes long-lasting ecological damage, including pollution and habitat fragmentation. Additionally, human activities create noise and air pollution, disturb animal migration patterns, and can lead to soil erosion and loss of native species. For example, in some parks, species balance has shifted due to human-driven disruptions, such as the removal and later reintroduction of predators like wolves, which alter prey populations and vegetation growth dramatically. Efforts to manage these human impacts include educational programs, restoration projects, and restrictions on visitor behavior to help preserve and restore ecosystem balance. Overall, humans have caused habitat destruction, pollution, species displacement, and altered food webs, but also contribute to conservation through active management and education programs.
