Elastic cartilage is a type of cartilage that provides both strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body. It is characterized by a matrix rich in elastic fibers (mainly elastin) along with type II collagen, giving it flexibility to withstand repeated bending while maintaining shape. Elastic cartilage makes up structures such as the external ear (auricle or pinna), the epiglottis, the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages of the larynx, and parts of the auditory canal and Eustachian tube. Key features of elastic cartilage include:
- Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) embedded in a matrix of elastic fibers and type II collagen.
- The matrix contains glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.
- It has a perichondrium, a connective tissue layer surrounding the cartilage.
- It retains shape even after deforming forces are removed, due to its elastic fiber network.
- Unlike hyaline cartilage, it does not calcify with aging.
- Requires special staining to highlight elastic fibers, e.g., Verhoeff van Gieson or aldehyde fuchsin stains.
This type of cartilage is important for maintaining flexible yet firm structures that need to bend or move without breaking, such as the outer ear and epiglottis.
