how do i know if im having a miscarriage

A miscarriage is usually indicated by several key signs, most notably vaginal bleeding which can vary from light spotting or brownish discharge to heavy bleeding with blood clots. Other common signs include abdominal or pelvic pain and cramps, discharge of fluid or tissue from the vagina, and a sudden loss of pregnancy symptoms such as nausea or breast tenderness. Severe lower back pain and intense cramps that do not improve with pain relief are also possible indicators. If these symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is essential to confirm the miscarriage and manage care. Diagnostic tests for miscarriage include ultrasound to check for fetal heartbeat, blood tests for pregnancy hormone hCG levels, and pelvic exams.