how far can we go

The farthest humanity can go in exploring the universe is limited by several cosmic factors. Even in the best-case scenario where humanity becomes a highly advanced interstellar civilization, exploration would be confined to our "local group" of galaxies, which is about 10 million light years across. This is because the expansion of the universe, driven by dark energy, causes galaxy groups and clusters outside our local group to move away from us faster than we could travel, making them unreachable. Over billions of years, these other galaxy groups will become invisible and beyond any possibility of contact or travel. Thus, the farthest we can realistically go is restricted to our gravitationally bound local group of galaxies, which is only a minuscule fraction of the entire observable universe. This limitation arises from the nature of the expanding universe and dark energy accelerating that expansion. While space itself is vast, human travel is physically constrained by these cosmic dynamics. So, despite advanced technology and future progress, we are confined to a relatively small cosmic neighborhood. This understanding comes from astrophysics and cosmology regarding the structure and expansion of the universe and the role of dark energy, as explained in sources discussing humanity's cosmic limits.