how to compare two columns in excel

To compare two columns in Excel, there are several effective methods:

1. Conditional Formatting : Select both columns, then go to Home > Conditional Formatting > Highlight Cells Rules > Duplicate Values. You can highlight either duplicates (matching values) or unique values (differences) directly without extra columns.
2. Equals Operator : Use a formula like =A2=B2 in a new column to compare row-by-row. This returns TRUE for matches and FALSE for differences.
3. IF Formula : Customize the comparison with a formula like =IF(A2=B2, "Match", "Different") to show clearer results in a new column.
4. VLOOKUP Function : Use =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]) to search for matches or differences when columns may not be aligned.
5. EXACT Formula : Use =EXACT(A2, B2) for case-sensitive comparisons, returning TRUE for exact matches and FALSE otherwise.

Each method suits different scenarios: conditional formatting for quick visual checks, formulas for detailed row-by-row comparisons, and lookup functions for more complex data checks.