In Spain, the general rule is that a person has two surnames: the first surname is usually the father's first surname, and the second surname is the mother's first surname. This double surname system is a legal requirement. Since 2000, parents can choose the order in which they want to register their child's surnames, but all siblings must have the same order of surnames. Upon reaching adulthood, a person may request to reverse the order of their surnames. Women keep their surnames after marriage; they do not change their surnames to those of their spouses. Double surnames may also be compound, linked by a hyphen or prepositions such as "de" or conjunctions like "y." In cases where the father is unknown or refuses to recognize the child, the child receives both surnames from the mother. The practice dates back centuries and is intended to trace family lineage clearly and avoid inheritance disputes. Summarized key points:
- Two surnames: father's first surname + mother's first surname.
- Parents can choose the order of surnames for their children.
- Siblings must share the same surname order.
- Adults can request a change in surname order.
- Women keep their surnames after marriage.
- Compound surnames are possible.
- In cases of illegitimacy, both surnames come from the mother.
- This system is legally mandated and culturally significant in Spain.
