Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a very common, benign skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin, often described as "chicken skin" or "goosebumps." It results from a genetic disorder of keratinization in hair follicles, where excess keratin builds up, causing rough, follicular bumps typically on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks. The condition is harmless, often appears in childhood or adolescence, may worsen in winter, and frequently improves with age, though it can persist lifelong. While KP has no cure, treatments such as moisturizers and topical exfoliants (like glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, urea, or retinoids) can improve the skin's appearance.
Key Characteristics
- Caused by excess keratin around hair follicles.
- Presents as small, rough, skin-colored or sometimes red/brown bumps.
- Common on upper arms, thighs, buttocks, cheeks, and other body parts with hair follicles.
- Usually painless but can sometimes be itchy.
- Often worsens in dry conditions (winter) and improves in summer.
- Frequently hereditary with autosomal dominant inheritance.
Epidemiology and Prognosis
- Affects both children and adults worldwide.
- About 30-50% have family history.
- No serious health risks, mainly a cosmetic concern.
- Many see improvement or resolution by adulthood.
Management
- No cure, but cosmetic appearance can be improved.
- Use of moisturizers and topical keratolytic agents.
- Avoid harsh soaps, hot water, and vigorous scrubbing.
- Laser therapies may help in some cases.
This summary captures the essential facts about keratosis pilaris from recent clinical information and reputable medical sources.
