During a government shutdown, the federal government stops non-essential functions until funding is approved by Congress. Essential services related to national security and public safety—such as active-duty military, law enforcement, air traffic control, and emergency medical care—continue to operate but often without immediate pay, with employees working unpaid until funding is restored. Non-essential employees are typically furloughed and sent home without pay, though they are usually guaranteed back pay once the shutdown ends. The shutdown causes a wide range of disruptions including:
- Suspension of routine inspections by agencies like the FDA, increasing public health risks.
- Closure or limited operations of national parks, museums, and other public services.
- Cancellations or delays in immigration court hearings and visa or passport services.
- Disruptions in food assistance programs such as WIC and potentially SNAP in prolonged shutdowns.
- Delays in mortgage insurance processing and federal housing aid.
- Interruptions in public safety, prison staffing, and possible increases in security risks.
Most federal employees and programs reliant on annual appropriations face paycheck delays, while those essential to safety and security still work but without pay. The shutdown impacts hundreds of thousands of federal workers, delays various government services, and can lead to significant economic costs and strain on affected individuals and families.
