where were the fertile lands in ancient egypt located

The fertile lands in ancient Egypt were primarily located along the banks of the Nile River and in the Nile Delta. The Nile's annual flooding deposited rich, mineral-laden silt on its banks, creating narrow strips of highly fertile soil ideal for agriculture, known as the "black land." This contrasted with the surrounding desert, called the "red land," which was barren and unsuitable for farming. Specifically, fertile farmland stretched along the river's course from the south near Aswān up to the Nile Delta region in the north, where the river split into various branches before flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. The delta had particularly rich soil due to sediment deposits, making it the most productive agricultural area. This region supported ancient Egyptian civilization with crops like wheat, barley, flax, and papyrus, enabling a settled agricultural society and large urban centers such as Memphis near the southern edge of the delta.