who made ai

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a field was formally founded in 1956 by John McCarthy, an American computer scientist who is often hailed as the "father of artificial intelligence." He coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" and organized the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the birth of AI as a research discipline. John McCarthy also developed the programming language LISP, which became significant for AI research. Before McCarthy, early groundwork was laid by figures like Alan Turing, who proposed the theoretical foundation for AI and created the Turing Test in 1950 to evaluate a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. The concept of artificial beings and intelligence dates back even earlier, to the early 1900s when the idea of artificial humans and brains was explored culturally and scientifically. The term "robot" was introduced in 1921 by Karel Čapek in a play where artificial people were conceptualized. In summary, AI was principally made and established by John McCarthy in the mid-20th century, building on theoretical work by pioneers like Alan Turing and earlier cultural and scientific explorations of artificial beings.