Aloe vera is a cactus-like plant that grows in hot, dry climates, and its useful parts are the gel and latex. Aloe vera leaves contain phytochemicals such as lignans, phytosterols, polyphenols, acetylated mannans, polymannans, anthraquinones C-glycosides, anthrones, and other anthraquinones, such as emodin and various lectins. The gel contains lipophilic and hydro-soluble vitamins, minerals, enzymes, simple and complex polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and organic acids, which together are responsible for its properties. Aloe vera is widely used in many mainstream skincare and cosmetics’ products, and it is common in after-sun products, and in facial, hair, and body care.
Regarding the negative effects of aloe vera, it has potential toxicity, with side effects occurring at some dose levels both when ingested and when applied topically. Aloin, a compound found in the semi-liquid latex of some Aloe species, was the common ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) laxative products in the United States until 2002 when the Food and Drug Administration banned it because manufacturers failed to provide the necessary safety data.
To distinguish between good and bad aloe vera products, it is important to avoid products that leave in a substance called Anthraquiones, which are latex-like chemicals between the gel and the rind. The Anthraquiones are what makes it sticky and hard, and they are banned for use as a laxative by the FDA due to safety concerns. Aloe should be the first ingredient in the product, and the law requires ingredients to be listed in order from most prominent to least prominent.
In conclusion, aloe vera is a versatile plant that has many beneficial properties for skincare and cosmetics products. However, it is important to be aware of its potential toxicity and to avoid products that contain harmful substances.
