Burning candles can release small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter that may pose some health risks, especially in poorly ventilated spaces or for people with respiratory conditions. Paraffin candles emit VOCs like toluene and benzene, which are toxic and carcinogenic in large amounts, though typical household exposure is usually very low. Scented and dyed candles may increase exposure to harmful chemicals. However, occasional candle burning in a well-ventilated room is unlikely to cause significant health problems for most people. People with chronic lung conditions or cancer risk factors should be more cautious.
Health Effects of Candles
- Paraffin candles release VOCs such as toluene and benzene which can irritate the respiratory tract and are linked to cancer risks with heavy exposure.
- Burning candles also emit particulate matter and other organic compounds that can diminish indoor air quality.
- Scented candles, especially those with synthetic fragrances, may release additional harmful chemicals like phthalates.
- Some studies found transient decreases in lung function and increased arterial stiffness after candle exposure.
- Environmental and health experts suggest that soy, beeswax, or stearin candles are generally safer alternatives.
Safety Considerations
- Candles pose a fire hazard with thousands of candle-related residential fires reported yearly resulting in deaths and property loss.
- Proper ventilation reduces the concentration of emitted chemicals significantly.
- People with respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD) or those at risk of bladder cancer should avoid frequent candle burning.
Summary
In moderation and with ventilation, candles are mostly safe, but frequent use of paraffin or scented candles in poorly ventilated spaces may pose some health risks through inhalation of toxic compounds and particulates. Opting for natural wax candles and ensuring good airflow can mitigate these risks.
