Dogs can eat parmesan cheese, but only in small amounts and as an occasional treat. Parmesan cheese is not toxic to dogs and can provide some nutritional benefits like protein, calcium, and vitamins A and B12. However, parmesan is high in salt and fat, so feeding it in excess can cause issues like digestive upset, weight gain, and more serious health problems especially for dogs with heart, kidney conditions, or lactose intolerance. It is important to monitor dogs for any adverse reactions and consult a veterinarian if uncertain. Overall, a little parmesan sprinkled on their food is generally safe and enjoyed by many dogs.