Cork comes from the bark of the cork oak tree, scientifically known as Quercus suber. This medium-sized, evergreen oak tree is native to the Mediterranean Basin, particularly southwest Europe and northwest Africa
. The cork oak tree produces a thick, corky bark that can be harvested without harming the tree. The first cork harvest typically occurs when the tree is about 25 years old, and subsequent harvests happen every 9 to 12 years, allowing the bark to regenerate naturally
. The cork oak thrives in Mediterranean climates with plenty of sunshine, low rainfall, and high humidity. Countries like Portugal, Spain, Italy, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and France are major producers of cork. Portugal is the world's largest cork producer
. Cork is valued for its unique properties such as water resistance, buoyancy, and durability, making it ideal for wine stoppers, flooring, and other products. Harvesting cork is sustainable and beneficial for the tree and environment, as the tree continues to grow and absorb carbon dioxide after bark removal
. In summary, cork is the outer bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber), primarily grown in Mediterranean regions, harvested sustainably without damaging the tree
