The process by which cells specialize during the development of a multicellular organism is called cell differentiation. This process involves newly formed cells becoming more specialized and distinct from one another as they mature, allowing them to develop specific structures and functions suited to particular roles within the organism. Despite all cells having the same genetic material, differential gene expression enables cells to take on unique characteristics and functions through this process.
Cell specialization (or differentiation) is crucial for the efficient functioning of multicellular organisms, as it allows for division of labor among various cell types, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells, each adapted to perform specific tasks.
