essential factor of an ecosystem

The essential factors of an ecosystem are the biotic and abiotic components. Biotic factors include all living organisms such as plants (producers), animals (consumers), microorganisms, and decomposers that interact and sustain natural cycles in the ecosystem. Abiotic factors encompass all nonliving elements like sunlight, water, air, soil, temperature, climate, landforms, and chemicals which provide the physical environment and influence how living organisms survive and adapt. The interaction and balance between these biotic and abiotic factors are vital for the health and functioning of an ecosystem.