Floral design involves the use of various elements and ingredients to create a pleasing and harmonious arrangement. The basic visual characteristics and ingredients of design include line, pattern, form, color, space, size, texture, and fragrance
. The spaces in a floral design are called negative space, which is deliberately empty to allow the eye to rest a moment before continuing to look at the materials
. The materials used in floral design, such as flowers and foliage, should fit together with precision to create interest, impart vitality, and prevent monotony in a pleasing design
. When it comes to flower care and handling, flowers need three ingredients to survive: carbohydrates, biocides, and acidifiers
. Commercial floral foods contain these essential substances, including sugar for nutrition, bleach to keep the water clear of bacteria, and citric acid to gently acidify the water
. Water quality is also essential for flower vase life, and cut flowers need clean, pure water
