fluconazole

Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat and prevent a wide range of fungal infections. It is effective against yeast infections like candidiasis (including vaginal, oral, and esophageal), cryptococcal meningitis, and certain systemic fungal infections. Fluconazole works by inhibiting the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, which is crucial for synthesizing ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. This disruption leads to increased fungal cell membrane permeability and inhibits fungal growth. It is available in oral and intravenous forms and is often used for both treatment and prophylaxis, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplants. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash, with serious risks including liver problems and heart rhythm disturbances. It is generally considered safe but may pose risks during pregnancy.