Fragrance is a common ingredient in many consumer products, but it is often not fully disclosed to the public. The term "fragrance" or "parfum" on an ingredient list is an umbrella term that refers to all the compounds and chemicals that comprise a product’s fragrance, and companies are not required to disclose the individual fragrance elements as the fragrance “blend” is considered proprietary information
. This lack of disclosure has raised concerns about the potential negative health effects of fragrance ingredients, as some of them have been associated with serious health risks
. However, some brands are committed to product transparency and disclose all ingredients, including fragrance, on their product labels and websites
. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) also provides a Transparency List, which is an overview of the ingredients used to create fragrance mixtures employed by consumer goods companies in personal care products, home care products, and fine fragrance worldwide
