Fragrances are commonly found in a wide range of consumer products, including personal care and cosmetic items. However, the lack of transparency regarding fragrance ingredients has raised concerns about potential health risks. The term "fragrance" or "parfum" on product labels is an umbrella term that can encompass dozens of undisclosed chemicals, making it difficult for consumers to know what they are being exposed to
. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has published a Transparency List, which provides an overview of the ingredients used to create fragrance mixtures in various consumer goods. This list includes fragrance ingredients and functional ingredients essential for the functionality or durability of a fragrance compound
. Fragrances have been associated with allergic reactions, and some fragrance ingredients have been linked to serious health effects such as cancer, hormone interference, and reproductive harm
. The lack of ingredient disclosure in fragrances poses a significant public health problem, and there are calls for the mandatory disclosure of fragrance ingredients to ensure consumer safety
