Bromine is quite dangerous, especially in its elemental form as a vapor or liquid. Inhalation of bromine vapor can cause severe respiratory irritation, including coughing, choking, wheezing, and breathing difficulty. High exposures can lead to bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, and even death. Contact with liquid bromine can cause serious chemical burns and skin discoloration, with burns potentially developing up to 5 days after exposure. Eye exposure can lead to swelling, irritation, and even severe burns. Chronic or repeated exposure may cause detrimental effects on the nervous system, digestive system, and skin, including mood changes, hallucinations, and skin lesions. The toxicity level is such that concentrations as low as 0.2 ppm can cause irritation, with immediate danger to life and health at around 3 ppm. Bromine is categorized as an extremely hazardous substance and must be handled with strict safety precautions.
Summary of Dangers
- Acute inhalation: respiratory distress, cough, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, death.
- Skin contact: chemical burns, delayed blistering, long healing time.
- Eye contact: irritation, swelling, burns, light sensitivity.
- Chronic exposure: nervous system impairment, digestive issues, skin conditions.
- Toxic levels: irritant effects begin around 0.2 ppm; immediately dangerous at 3 ppm.
- Classified as highly hazardous, requiring careful handling.
This makes bromine particularly hazardous in industrial, laboratory, or accidental exposure contexts.
