how dangerous is e coli

E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria vary in danger depending on the strain. Most strains are harmless or cause mild symptoms like brief diarrhea. However, some strains, such as E. coli O157:H7, can produce a Shiga toxin that leads to severe illness including bloody diarrhea, kidney damage, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can cause kidney failure, strokes, and even death in severe cases. About 5-10% of infected people may develop HUS, especially young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. Serious complications can also include seizures, stroke, and permanent kidney damage. The mortality rate for serious E. coli infections can range from around 8% to 35%. Practicing good hygiene and safe food handling can reduce risk significantly.