Cats get diabetes primarily due to a condition similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. This occurs when their body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells in their body become resistant to insulin. Insulin is necessary to regulate blood sugar levels by helping cells absorb glucose for energy. When insulin function is impaired, blood sugar levels rise abnormally, leading to diabetes. Several risk factors can contribute to the development of diabetes in cats:
- Obesity, especially in indoor cats, is a major factor that decreases insulin sensitivity.
- Middle-aged or older cats are more prone to the condition.
- Certain diseases such as pancreatitis, acromegaly (excess growth hormone), urinary tract infections, and hyperthyroidism can increase risk.
- Use of certain medications, particularly steroids, can contribute to insulin resistance.
- Male cats have a higher risk compared to females.
- Breed predisposition, notably Burmese cats and Norwegian Forest Cats, have higher risks.
Symptoms of diabetes in cats typically include increased thirst, frequent urination, increased appetite, and weight loss despite eating well. Diagnosis is made by blood and urine tests showing high glucose levels. In most cases, cats require insulin injections and a carefully controlled diet to manage diabetes. Unlike type 2 diabetes in humans, most diabetic cats need insulin therapy, and some may achieve remission with proper treatment. Overall, genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle like obesity and inactivity all contribute to how cats get diabetes.
