Signs that may indicate the presence of kidney stones include:
- Severe, sharp pain in the side and back below the ribs, which may spread to the lower abdomen and groin. The pain can come in waves and vary in intensity.
- Pain or a burning sensation while urinating.
- Blood in the urine, which may appear pink, red, or brown.
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
- A frequent or urgent need to urinate, or urinating in small amounts.
- Upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting.
- Fever and chills if there is an associated infection.
These symptoms typically start when stones move within the kidney or pass into the ureters, which are the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder. If a stone blocks the flow of urine, it can cause swelling and spasms in the ureter, leading to intense pain. Sometimes kidney stones may cause no symptoms and pass unnoticed. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or X-rays, as well as urine and blood tests. If a stone passes, saving it for analysis may help determine the cause and appropriate treatment. If experiencing severe pain, fever, chills, or blood in the urine, it is important to seek medical attention promptly as these may indicate complications requiring treatment.
