how do metals conduct electricity

Metals conduct electricity because they contain free or delocalized electrons in their atomic structure that can move freely through the metal lattice. These electrons, also called conduction electrons, are not bound to any particular atom but exist in a "sea of electrons" around positively charged metal ions. When an electric voltage is applied, the free electrons drift through the metal lattice in response to the electric field, creating an electric current. The metallic bonding in metals allows for this electron mobility, which facilitates the continuous flow of electric charge with relatively low resistance. The high density and mobility of free electrons in metals make them excellent conductors of electricity. This is why metals such as copper, silver, and gold are commonly used in electrical wiring and components due to their efficient conduction properties.