Leukemia is primarily tested for by analyzing blood and bone marrow samples. The main tests include a complete blood count (CBC), which measures levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. If abnormalities are found, a bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy is performed where a sample of bone marrow is removed, usually from the hipbone, and examined under a microscope to confirm leukemia and determine its type. Additional tests may include flow cytometry to detect specific cancer cell types, genetic tests to find chromosome abnormalities, lumbar puncture to check cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging scans to assess the spread and effects of leukemia.
Summary of Key Leukemia Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Assesses abnormal levels of blood cells.
- Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy: Confirms leukemia by examining bone marrow samples.
- Flow Cytometry: Identifies the type of leukemia cells by their surface proteins.
- Genetic/Cytogenetic Tests: Detect chromosomal abnormalities guiding treatment.
- Lumbar Puncture: Checks for leukemia spread in cerebrospinal fluid.
- Imaging Tests (X-ray, CT, MRI, PET): Evaluate cancer spread and organ involvement.
These tests together help diagnose, subtype, and stage leukemia to tailor appropriate treatment.
