how do they test for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is tested primarily through screening methods which include the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test and the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE). In a PSA test, a blood sample is analyzed to measure the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer but can also be caused by other prostate conditions such as infection or enlargement. The DRE involves a doctor inserting a gloved finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any lumps or abnormalities. If these tests suggest possible cancer, a biopsy is usually performed. This involves removing small tissue samples from the prostate to examine under a microscope for cancer cells. Imaging techniques such as MRI and ultrasound can guide the biopsy and help in assessing the spread of cancer. Additional imaging tests like bone scans, CT scans, or PET scans may be used if cancer spread is suspected. Thus, the typical process includes PSA blood test, digital rectal exam, and if indicated, prostate biopsy guided by imaging, along with further imaging if needed for staging.