Meningitis is contracted primarily through the spread of bacteria or viruses that cause the infection. These germs typically live harmlessly in the nose or throat of carriers but can sometimes invade the body and cause meningitis. The infection is spread from person to person mainly by respiratory droplets or throat secretions. This can happen through actions such as coughing, sneezing, intimate kissing, and sharing utensils or toothbrushes. Viral meningitis can also be spread through contact with the feces of an infected person, such as when changing a nappy or poor hand hygiene after contact with contaminated surfaces. Close contact with someone who carries these bacteria or viruses, even if they are not ill, poses the risk of transmission. Infections can also occur from other less common sources such as contaminated water or fungi for fungal meningitis. Vaccination and good hygiene practices reduce the risk of contracting meningitis.
