Autism is not something one "gets" like an infection; it is a neurodevelopmental condition that people are born with. It is believed to arise from a combination of genetic factors and early environmental influences that affect brain development. Here is how autism is understood and diagnosed:
Causes of Autism
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is thought to result mainly from genetic factors, including certain gene mutations.
- Environmental factors, especially those influencing early brain development, may also play a role alongside genetics.
- Autism is not caused by parenting style or vaccines.
How Autism is Diagnosed
- Autism diagnosis is based on observing behaviors and developmental history rather than a medical test like a blood test.
- Specialists look for challenges in social communication and interaction, and the presence of restrictive or repetitive behaviors and interests.
- Diagnosis often involves standardized tools such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI).
- A thorough assessment includes interviews, behavior observations, developmental history, and sometimes cognitive and medical evaluations.
- Genetic testing can be done to identify specific gene mutations linked to autism but is not required for diagnosis.
Important Notes
- Autism can be detected in children as young as 12 months, but formal diagnosis is often made in toddler or preschool years.
- Early diagnosis can help access supports that improve outcomes.
- Autism is a lifelong condition but presents uniquely in every individual.
In summary, autism is a developmental condition people are born with due to genetic and environmental factors; it is diagnosed through specialized assessment of behavior and development. It is not "caught" or "gotten" like a disease.
