The diagnosis of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) involves multiple steps and is made by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or primary care provider. There is no single test for ADHD, so the diagnostic process includes detailed interviews and evaluations to assess symptoms and how they impact daily life.
Diagnostic Process for ADHD
- Initial Interview and Screening : The healthcare provider starts by interviewing the individual to understand if ADHD symptoms may be affecting social, academic, or work functioning. For children, input from parents, teachers, or caregivers is important; for adults, interviews may include spouses or close contacts to fill memory gaps.
- Symptom Assessment : The clinician uses criteria from the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) to check for specific ADHD symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, their duration (at least 6 months), and whether symptoms appeared before age 12.
- Behavioral Rating Scales : Both the individual and someone close to them may fill out standardized behavior rating scales to provide objective information on symptoms.
- Comprehensive Evaluation : This includes gathering a bio-psycho-social history covering medical, developmental, family, academic/work history, and co-occurring conditions like anxiety or depression. A physical exam is conducted to rule out other medical causes for symptoms.
- Determining Impairment : To be diagnosed, symptoms must cause significant impairment in two or more major life settings (e.g., home, school, work).
- Diagnosis and Management Plan : Based on the evaluation, the clinician will confirm or rule out ADHD and discuss treatment options or referrals if needed.
For adults, it's particularly important to establish that symptoms started in childhood, supported by reports from people who knew the person when they were younger.
Summary of Requirements
- Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity inappropriate for developmental level.
- Symptoms present for at least 6 months.
- Several symptoms present before age 12.
- Significant impairment in multiple areas of life.
This diagnostic process ensures a thorough evaluation to distinguish ADHD from other conditions and to establish the most effective treatment plan.
