A block of data on a blockchain gets locked through a combination of cryptographic hashing, consensus mechanisms, and linking to previous blocks. First, transactions within a block are verified by the network nodes to ensure validity. Then, the block is assembled with these transactions, including the hash of the previous block, and passed through a cryptographic hash function that produces a unique digital fingerprint (hash) of the block. Finally, consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work or Proof of Stake are used by the network to agree on the validity of the block before it is permanently added to the chain. This process makes any alteration to the block afterwards computationally or economically impractical, effectively locking the block and ensuring its immutability and security on the blockchain.
Key Steps in Locking a Block:
- Verification: Transactions are broadcast and confirmed by nodes for authenticity.
- Hashing: The block's content is hashed, creating a unique digital fingerprint that changes drastically with any data alteration.
- Consensus: The majority of the network reaches agreement on the block’s validity via Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, or other mechanisms.
- Linking: Each block contains the hash of the previous block, forming a chain; altering one block breaks the chain and reveals tampering.
This combination ensures data integrity, security, and immutability in blockchain technology.
