A catapult works by storing potential energy and then releasing it suddenly to launch a projectile. The main mechanisms for storing this energy in a catapult are tension, torsion, and gravity.
- Tension is created by stretching a rope, elastic band, or similar material. When released, the stored energy propels the arm and the projectile forward.
- Torsion involves twisting ropes or sinew around a pivot, storing energy that is released when the ropes untwist.
- Gravity is used in counterweight catapults (like trebuchets), where a heavy weight is raised and then dropped, pulling the throwing arm upward to launch the projectile.
The catapult typically consists of a frame, a pivoting arm with a bucket or sling at the end to hold the projectile, and a mechanism (such as ropes or a counterweight) to store energy. When the energy is released, the arm swings rapidly, converting the stored potential energy into kinetic energy, which propels the projectile in a curved trajectory toward the target
. For example, in a simple rubber band-powered catapult, pulling back the arm stretches the rubber bands, storing potential energy. When released, the rubber bands snap back, transferring energy to the arm and launching the projectile
. In summary, a catapult works by:
- Storing energy slowly via tension, torsion, or gravity.
- Releasing that energy suddenly to move the arm.
- The arm flings the projectile through the air by converting potential energy into kinetic energy
