Alcohol abuse and alcoholism differ primarily in severity and dependence. Alcohol abuse involves risky drinking behaviors that cause negative consequences but usually allow some control over drinking. Alcoholism, or alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a chronic, severe condition characterized by physical and mental dependence on alcohol, compulsive drinking, loss of control, and withdrawal symptoms when not drinking. Alcohol abuse can be seen as problematic or heavy drinking, possibly including binge drinking, but without the compulsive need or physical dependence that defines alcoholism. In contrast, alcoholism is marked by addiction, making it very difficult to stop drinking despite serious life disruptions.
Differences in Control and Dependence
- Alcohol abuse: Drinking in a harmful way but still some control over when and how much to drink.
- Alcoholism: Loss of control; unable to limit or stop drinking despite attempts; physical dependence present.
Health and Life Impact
- Alcohol abuse: May cause social, legal, or health problems; can lead to risky behaviors.
- Alcoholism: Severe health risks including liver disease, heart disease; major disruption of personal, social, and occupational life.
Behavior Patterns
- Alcohol abuse: Risky drinking, binge drinking, drinking in dangerous situations.
- Alcoholism: Persistent craving, withdrawal symptoms, spending significant time obtaining/using alcohol.
Thus, alcohol abuse is a pattern of harmful drinking habits, whereas alcoholism represents a chronic disease characterized by addiction and dependence.