Small claims court is a legal venue designed to resolve money disputes quickly, affordably, and without the need for lawyers. It typically handles civil cases where the amount in controversy is limited, usually up to several thousand dollars (for example, $7,000 or $10,000 depending on jurisdiction).
How Small Claims Court Works
- A person (plaintiff) files a claim against another party (defendant) for money owed or damages, usually within a monetary limit.
- The court process is informal, with simpler rules and forms meant for individuals to represent themselves.
- There is no jury; a judge or magistrate hears the case and makes a final decision.
- The defendant receives a copy of the claim and can file a reply admitting or contesting the claim.
- The court may hold a settlement conference to encourage resolution without trial.
- If no settlement is reached, a trial is held where each side presents evidence and testimony.
- After the decision, the plaintiff can register the judgment to enforce collection, sometimes requiring involvement of court officers like sheriffs.
Common Types of Cases
Small claims courts generally handle disputes such as:
- Money owed in loans or unpaid bills
- Security deposit disputes between landlords and tenants
- Property damage claims (e.g., from car accidents)
- Dishonored checks
- Consumer protection violations
- Contract disagreements involving money
Key Points
- Lawyers are not required and often not allowed.
- Cases only involve claims for money, not other types of relief (like returning property).
- The process is designed to be accessible and quicker than regular courts.
This structure enables people with relatively small financial disputes to seek justice efficiently and with minimal cost.
