how far can a centerfire bullet travel

A centerfire bullet can travel several miles depending on the caliber and conditions. For example, a 9mm centerfire bullet may travel up to 2-3 miles, while a .308 caliber centerfire bullet can travel around 3.5 miles or more under favorable conditions. The effective ranges, where the bullet can still perform adequately on a target, are much shorter (hundreds of yards). The maximum travel distance depends on factors like bullet type, cartridge loading, muzzle velocity, barrel length, environmental conditions, and bullet design.