Northern cardinals typically live about 3 to 5 years in the wild on average. However, some individuals have been known to live significantly longer, with reports of cardinals reaching up to 15 years of age, especially in captivity where they are protected from predators and have steady access to food and water
. Factors influencing their lifespan include predation by hawks, owls, cats, and snakes; disease; availability of food; weather conditions; and habitat quality. In urban or built-up areas, additional risks such as window strikes can reduce their lifespan. Cardinals are hardy birds that can adapt to various climates, which helps them survive through winter months when food is scarce
. In summary, while the average lifespan of a northern cardinal in the wild is around 3 years, exceptional individuals can live as long as 15 years, particularly under favorable conditions or in captivity.
