Sperm can live inside a woman’s reproductive system for about 3 to 5 days under optimal conditions. Around ovulation, cervical mucus changes to create a protective environment that helps sperm survive longer, up to 5 days. Typically, most sperm die within the first 24 hours, and only the healthiest survive the full duration. This lifespan explains why conception can occur even when intercourse happens several days before ovulation. Outside the body, sperm die quickly within minutes to an hour, depending on the environment.
