Sperm can live inside a woman's body for up to five days under optimal conditions. This extended lifespan is due to the protective and nourishing environment provided by cervical mucus around the time of ovulation, which helps sperm survive and travel through the female reproductive tract to fertilize an egg
. Inside the male body, sperm are produced continuously, and once mature, they can live in the testes for several weeks before being ejaculated or reabsorbed if not used
. Outside the body, sperm survive much shorter periods—typically only minutes to about 30 minutes depending on the environment. For example, sperm die quickly when they dry out on surfaces but may survive longer in warm, moist conditions
. In summary:
- Inside female reproductive system: Up to 5 days
- Inside male testes: Several weeks (before reabsorption)
- Outside the body: Minutes to 30 minutes depending on conditions
This knowledge helps explain why pregnancy can occur even if intercourse happens several days before ovulation
