Coxsackievirus infections, such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), are very contagious. People are most contagious during the first week of illness, especially the first few days when symptoms like fever and rash appear. Even before symptoms start, in the incubation period of about 3 to 6 days, a person can be contagious. The virus can still be spread for days or even weeks after symptoms go away. Specifically for HFMD caused by coxsackievirus:
- Contagiousness is highest during the first week of symptoms.
- The virus can be shed and spread in respiratory droplets, from fluid in blisters, and in stool for several weeks after symptoms resolve.
- Children may remain contagious in their stool for weeks to months.
- The infectious period can last from a few days before symptoms to about one week after onset, but the virus can be excreted for several weeks especially in stool.
Thus, the contagious period typically spans about 7 to 10 days from symptom onset, but with potential for longer viral shedding, especially in stool, even after recovery.
For practical purposes:
- Children with coxsackievirus infections or HFMD are usually advised to stay out of school or childcare for at least the first few days of illness to prevent spreading.
- Good hygiene, especially handwashing, is critical to prevent transmission.
In summary, coxsackievirus is most contagious during the first week of illness but can remain contagious in some bodily secretions and stool for weeks after symptoms disappear.
