A standard full-size piano has 88 keys in total. These consist of 52 white keys (natural notes) and 36 black keys (sharps and flats). This configuration spans seven full octaves plus three extra notes, ranging from A0 (lowest) to C8 (highest)
. While 88 keys are the norm, there are variations:
- Some older or compact acoustic pianos may have 85 keys.
- Extended range pianos, like the Bösendorfer Imperial Concert Grand, can have up to 97 keys.
- Some specialized pianos can have even more, up to 108 keys.
- Smaller electronic keyboards often come with fewer keys, such as 49, 61, or 76 keys, for portability and specific uses
The 88-key standard was established in the late 1800s and aligns with the human ear's ability to discern pitches, covering the useful audible range for most music
