The estimated number of undocumented immigrants in the United States varies depending on the source and methodology, but recent data suggests the following:
- According to the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), there were about 15.4 million undocumented immigrants in January 2025, representing 29% of the total foreign-born population in their survey
- Pew Research Center estimated the unauthorized immigrant population at 11.0 million in 2022, noting an increase from 10.5 million in 2021 but still below the 2007 peak of 12.2 million
- The Center for Migration Studies (CMS) estimated about 11.7 million undocumented immigrants in July 2023, marking an increase of around 800,000 from the previous year
- The Migration Policy Institute (MPI) found that between 2019 and 2023, the unauthorized immigrant population grew by 3 million, averaging a 6% annual increase, with about 27% of the foreign-born population undocumented as of their latest estimates
- A Yale study using advanced modeling suggested the undocumented immigrant population could be as high as 16.7 to 22.1 million, significantly higher than commonly accepted estimates of around 11 million
In summary, most mainstream estimates place the number of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. between approximately 11 million and 15 million as of early 2025, with some studies suggesting even higher figures. The population has shown growth in recent years after a prior decline, with significant geographic concentrations in states like California, Texas, Florida, and New York
