The frequency of receiving an RSV vaccine depends on the group being vaccinated:
- For infants entering their first RSV season, a single dose of the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab is given prior to or near the start of the RSV season. If they enter a second RSV season with ongoing risk, a second single dose may be given, possibly at a higher dose based on weight.
- For infants at higher risk receiving palivizumab, it is given as a series of 4 or 5 monthly doses approximately 28 days apart during the RSV season.
- Pregnant persons receive a single dose of RSVpreF vaccine between 32 and 36 weeks gestation.
- Adults 50 years and older (with varying age cutoffs and risk levels) receive a single dose of an RSV vaccine (e.g., RSVpreF, RSVPreF3, or mRNA-1345) ideally before the RSV season. Currently, it is not an annual vaccine for adults—only one dose is recommended at this time.
The RSV vaccine or antibody is generally administered once per RSV season for eligible groups. Infants at high risk may require monthly doses with palivizumab through the RSV season. Adults receive a single dose, with no current recommendation for yearly vaccination. The RSV season and timing vary geographically but typically occurs in fall through spring months in temperate climates. Summary:
- Infants: Single dose before/during first season; possible dose during second season if at risk.
- Palivizumab for high-risk infants: Monthly doses during RSV season.
- Pregnant persons: Single dose during late pregnancy.
- Adults 50+ or 75+: Single dose before RSV season, not annually.
This provides a general guide on how often the RSV vaccine or antibody is given by population group and seasonality.
