A brain aneurysm is a very serious medical condition. If an aneurysm ruptures (bursts), it can cause bleeding in the brain, leading to life-threatening complications such as stroke, brain damage, coma, and even death. Approximately 25% of people with a ruptured brain aneurysm die within the first 24 hours, and around 40% die from complications even with treatment. Surviving a rupture often results in permanent brain damage or disability. Unruptured aneurysms may cause no symptoms but can still be dangerous if they grow large or leak blood, which often signals an impending rupture that requires urgent treatment.
Seriousness of a Ruptured Brain Aneurysm
- A ruptured aneurysm causes blood to leak into brain tissue or the space around the brain, leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage—a medical emergency characterized by a sudden, severe headache often described as the worst of one’s life.
- Once ruptured, the risk of death or severe disability increases quickly. About half of patients die shortly after rupture, and survivors typically face major neurological damage and require urgent treatment.
- Complications include rebleeding, strokes, seizures, coma, and buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) that can worsen outcomes.
Symptoms Indicating Danger
- Severe and sudden headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stiff neck and sensitivity to light
- Vision changes or double vision
- Loss of consciousness or seizures
Unruptured Aneurysms
- Often asymptomatic if small, but larger aneurysms may press on brain tissue causing pain, vision problems, or facial numbness.
- A leaking aneurysm may cause warning headaches before a full rupture.
In summary, a brain aneurysm is a life-threatening condition especially when ruptured, with high risks of death or permanent brain injury. Immediate medical attention is crucial when symptoms suggest a rupture or leak. Untreated ruptured aneurysms are extremely serious and often fatal.
