A torn ACL, or anterior cruciate ligament injury, ranges from mild to severe but is often considered serious due to its impact on knee stability. Complete tears (Grade 3) represent the most severe form, typically causing immediate intense pain, a popping sound, rapid swelling, and knee instability that prevents weight-bearing or pivoting activities.
Severity Grades
ACL tears are graded by extent of damage:
- Grade 1 (mild) : Stretched ligament with intact fibers, minimal swelling, and full stability; recovers in 4-8 weeks with rest.
- Grade 2 (moderate) : Partial tear (20-80% fibers), moderate pain, swelling, and some instability; needs 6-12 weeks of rehab, sometimes surgery.
- Grade 3 (severe) : Full rupture, leading to complete instability; common in sports and often requires surgery for active people.
Symptoms and Risks
Expect severe pain (8-10/10), functional loss, and buckling knee in complete tears. Long-term, even with surgery, risks include arthritis years later, affecting quality of life.
Treatment Overview
Non-surgical options suit low-activity individuals via bracing and therapy, but reconstruction surgery is standard for athletes, with 6-12 months recovery. Early diagnosis via MRI confirms severity.