To become a Canadian citizen, you must generally follow these steps and meet the key requirements:
- Be a permanent resident of Canada. This means you have been granted permanent resident status and are not under any immigration review or removal order
- Have lived in Canada for at least 3 years (1,095 days) out of the last 5 years before applying. This physical presence requirement demonstrates your commitment to residing in Canada
- File your income taxes for at least 3 years within the 5-year period before applying, if required by law
- Demonstrate proficiency in either English or French, Canada’s two official languages. You need to show you can communicate at a conversational level
- Pass a citizenship test if you are between 18 and 54 years old. The test covers Canadian history, values, institutions, laws, and symbols. It is typically written but may be oral
- Apply for citizenship either online or on paper, paying the applicable fees (about CAD 649.75 for adults)
- After your application is approved, attend a citizenship ceremony and take the Oath of Citizenship, officially becoming a Canadian citizen
Additional notes:
- Your permanent resident card does not need to be valid at the time of application, but you must meet all residency and other requirements
- Time spent abroad may count towards residency if you meet certain conditions, such as working for the Canadian government abroad
- Once a citizen, you gain full legal rights including voting, applying for a Canadian passport, and running for public office
This process is known as naturalization, distinct from birthright citizenship granted automatically to most people born on Canadian soil
. For detailed eligibility and application instructions, consult the official Government of Canada website on citizenship
