To become a U.S. citizen, the most common path is through naturalization. The general steps and requirements as of 2025 are:
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Be a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) for at least 5 years, or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen.
- Have continuous residence in the U.S. for at least 5 years (or 3 with a U.S. citizen spouse).
- Have been physically present in the U.S. for at least half of that time.
- Demonstrate good moral character.
- Be able to read, write, speak, and understand basic English.
- Pass a civics test covering U.S. history and government.
- Submit Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization) and pay the filing fee.
- Attend an interview and pass the citizenship test.
- Take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
There are also additional considerations like background checks, and certain exceptions or accommodations depending on age, disability, or military service. Preparation for the application and interview is important as processing times may be longer in 2025. Legal advice can be helpful in complicated cases. In summary, the naturalization process involves meeting residency and eligibility requirements, applying, passing a test, and taking an oath to become a U.S. citizen.
