how to clean rust off cast iron

To clean rust off cast iron, start by scrubbing the rusty areas with steel wool or a stiff brush to remove surface rust effectively. Then wash the pan with warm soapy water to clear away debris. For stubborn rust, you can create a paste of baking soda and water, apply it to the rusted spots, let it sit a few minutes, and scrub again. Alternatively, soak the pan in a 50/50 mixture of white vinegar and water for about an hour, then scrub the rust off, but don't soak too long as vinegar can damage the iron. After removing the rust, dry the pan thoroughly—you can use a towel and then heat it on the stove to evaporate all moisture. Next, reseason the pan by applying a thin layer of cooking oil (preferably a high-smoke-point oil like vegetable or grapeseed oil) all over the pan and baking it in a preheated oven at around 450-500°F (230-260°C) for one hour. Let it cool in the oven to cure the seasoning, which protects the pan from rust and restores its non-stick surface. Regular maintenance involves drying the cast iron immediately after washing and applying a light coat of oil before storing to keep rust away and preserve the seasoning.