To grow basil successfully, follow these key steps:
Starting Basil Seeds
- Sow basil seeds indoors from late winter (around February) to mid-summer for a longer growing season. Use small pots or seed trays filled with multi-purpose or peat-free compost at about 18-20°C (64-68°F)
- Cover seeds lightly with vermiculite or soil and keep moist but not waterlogged. Using a propagator or clear plastic cover helps maintain warmth and humidity
- Seeds typically germinate within 3-7 days. Once seedlings appear, remove covers and place them in a warm, bright spot, avoiding direct hot midday sun
- When seedlings develop their first true leaves, transplant them into individual pots spaced about 7.5 cm (3 in) apart. For container growing, space plants 20-30 cm (8-12 in) apart to avoid overcrowding and premature flowering
Outdoor Planting
- Basil can be sown or planted outdoors only after temperatures consistently stay above 15°C (59°F), ideally in early summer
- Choose a warm, sheltered, sunny spot with well-drained, fertile soil or use containers with multi-purpose compost
- Protect young plants from slugs and snails, especially when grown in the ground. Containers are easier to manage for pest control
Care and Maintenance
- Water basil regularly, especially in containers, but avoid waterlogging. Water in the morning and try not to wet the leaves to prevent disease
- Pinch or trim shoot tips regularly to encourage bushier growth and delay flowering, which can reduce leaf quality
- Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer to promote leafy growth; avoid high-potassium fertilizers that encourage flowering
- Weed around plants to reduce competition for nutrients and light
- Remove flower stems as soon as they appear to prolong leaf production, though allowing some flowers benefits pollinators
Propagation
- Basil can be propagated from cuttings by snipping a non-flowering shoot below a leaf, removing lower leaves, and placing it in water until roots develop. Then pot it up in compost
Growing Conditions Summary
- Light: 6-8 hours of sunlight daily, preferably morning or late afternoon sun to avoid scorching
- Temperature: Warm conditions above 15°C (59°F), ideally 18-20°C (64-68°F) for germination and growth
- Soil: Well-drained, fertile, and light soil or multi-purpose compost for containers
- Spacing: 20-30 cm (8-12 in) apart outdoors or in large containers to prevent overcrowding
By following these guidelines, you can enjoy a continuous, healthy supply of fresh basil leaves for cooking throughout the growing season
