Safe sex focuses on reducing risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy while ensuring consent and mutual respect. Here are clear, practical steps and considerations. Core guidance
- Use barrier methods consistently and correctly for all sexual activities that involve contact with intimate tissues or fluids. The most effective widely available option is latex condoms for vaginal, anal, and oral sex, used from start to finish. If latex allergy is a concern, discuss non-latex condoms or other barrier methods with a clinician.
- Additional barriers can reduce risk during specific activities: dental dams for oral-vulva or oral-anal contact; internal condoms for vaginal or anal sex; latex gloves for certain fingering activities; and water-based lubricants to reduce friction and condom breakage. Avoid spermicidal lubricants containing nonoxynol-9 if concerned about mucosal irritation or STI risk.
- Communication is essential. Talk openly with partners about STI testing, sexual histories, boundaries, and consent before sexual activity. Agree to use barriers and to pause or stop if either person is uncomfortable at any point.
Pregnancy and STI risk considerations
- Condoms are the only contraception that also protect against many STIs. If another contraception method is used, still use condoms to reduce STI risk. Change partners or switch sex acts with a new partner often requires a new condom and potentially additional protections.
- Regular STI testing and open dialogue about test results with partners can reduce uncertainty and help maintain safer practices. Consider testing together before becoming sexually active with a new partner.
- If an STI is diagnosed, follow medical advice about treatment and abstain from sexual contact until cleared to reduce transmission risk.
Oral sex safety
- Using condoms for oral sex reduces risk, and dental dams can offer protection during oral-vaginal or oral-anal contact. Avoid spermicides with condoms if they increase mucosal irritation or HIV transmission risk.
- If you choose to use condoms during oral sex, ensure the condom is intact and not expired, and use water-based lubricant to prevent breakage.
Practical tips for safer sex
- Always use a fresh condom for each session or act, and never reuse condoms. Check the expiration date and package integrity before use. Use a water-based lubricant with latex condoms; oil-based lubricants can degrade latex.
- Do not rely on a single method for complete protection. Combine barrier methods with regular testing, vaccination where available (e.g., HPV, hepatitis B), and mindful sexual health practices.
- If you have concerns or special conditions (latex allergy, vulvar dermatitis, broken skin, or pregnancy considerations), consult a healthcare professional for tailored advice and alternatives.
What to do next
- If you want, specify your activities (e.g., vaginal, anal, oral sex) and whether condoms or other barriers are available, so guidance can be tailored to your situation.
- If you or a partner have risk factors or symptoms, seek medical advice promptly for testing, prevention, and treatment options.
Direct answer: To practice safe sex, use barrier methods (primarily latex condoms) consistently for all sexual activities that involve contact with genital fluids or mucous membranes, and complement with other barriers (dental dams, internal condoms, lubricants) when appropriate. Communicate openly with partners about STI testing and consent, obtain regular sexual health check- ups, and seek medical guidance if STI symptoms appear or if there are any concerns about allergies or medical conditions.
