To start a compost bin, follow these key steps:
- Select a Location
Choose a spot in your garden that receives at least 3-4 hours of sunlight daily and has good air circulation on at least two sides. Keep the bin at least 2 feet away from fences or corners to allow airflow
. A sheltered area with partial or full shade can also work well to maintain stable moisture and temperature
- Choose or Build a Compost Bin
You can buy a compost bin or make one from repurposed wood or pallets. The bin should allow airflow with openings or slots on all sides. A size around 1 cubic yard (3'x3'x3') is ideal for effective decomposition
. Place the bin directly on soil to allow soil organisms to enter and help break down the waste
- Prepare the Base Layer
Start with a 4-6 inch layer of bulky brown materials like twigs, straw, or wood chips. This layer provides drainage and air circulation at the base
- Add Organic Materials in Layers
Alternate layers of green nitrogen-rich materials (kitchen scraps, fresh lawn clippings) and brown carbon-rich materials (dry leaves, shredded branches, paper). The recommended ratio is about 2 parts brown to 1 part green
. Smaller pieces decompose faster, so chop or shred materials if possible
- Moisten the Pile
Keep the compost moist like a wrung-out sponge—not too wet or dry. Water the pile regularly, especially in hot weather
- Turn the Compost Regularly
Aerate the pile by turning it every 1-2 weeks with a pitchfork or similar tool. This introduces oxygen, which is essential for microbial activity and speeds up decomposition
- Maintain and Monitor
Keep an eye on moisture and temperature. Well-maintained compost can reach 130° to 160° F, which helps kill pathogens and weed seeds
. Compost is typically ready in 8 to 12 weeks after the last addition of materials
By following these steps, you will create nutrient-rich compost that benefits your garden and reduces waste
